Some species of Salvia have been used from ancient time as antidiabetic, antidiaphoretic agent and for improving memory. In this research we hypothesize that Salvia rhytidea might be a good candidate for improving of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer disease (AD). So, we have studied in-vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and different fractions of a standardized extract of this plant as a neutrceutical. Firstly methanolic extract of S. rhytidea was prepared by maceration method. Rosmarinic acid (RA) content of the extract was measured by spectrophotometry method using calibration curve of RA. Essential oil and different fractions of the plant were prepared using hydrodistillation and maceration method respectively. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of all fractions were evaluated using colorimetry method and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay respectively. IC50 and the percentage of inhibition of samples were determined. The content of RA in plant extract was determined as 1.4% (mg/g dry plant). Amongst the different samples, essential oil exhibited the highest cholinesterase inhibition (93.0±7.4%) while the least IC50 value of cholinesterse inhibition was due to chloroform fraction (1.01±0.02 µg/ml). Methanolic fraction exhibited the most DPPH inhibition (90.2±6.7% inhibitions) in antioxidant method. These results confirm that chloroform fraction and essential oil of this plant would be a good candidate for further studies for health promotion. Considering the non polar nature of these fractions and phytochemical results can conclude that terpenoids might be responsible for this effect of the plant which need more studies.
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